HI-6 treatment reactivated soman inhibited plasma and RBC cholinesterase up to 40%. Therapeutic regime consisting of HI-6 (50 mg/kg, i.m), atropine (10 mg/kg, i.m) and midazolam (5 mg/kg, i.m) protected animals against soman (2 × LD 50, s.c) lethality completely at 2 h and 80% at 24 h. In the present study, we intend to study the efficacy of antidotes comprising of HI-6 (1-methoxy]-methyl]-2- pyridinium dichloride), atropine and midazolam on soman induced neurodegeneration and the expression of c-Fos, Calpain, and Bax levels in discrete rat brain areas. The biochemical changes that occur following nerve agent exposure needs to be elucidated to understand the mechanisms behind their long term neurological effects and to design better therapeutic drugs to block their multiple neurotoxic effects. Acute nerve agent exposure can cause rapid death or leads to multiple and long term neurological effects. Recent alleged attacks with nerve agent sarin on civilians in Syria indicate their potential threat to both civilian and military population.
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